Digital Literacy in pre-service EFL teachers: A meta-analysis of research methods, tools, and findings

PhDr. Katarína Murčeková, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia

Digital Literacy in Pre-Service EFL Teachers: A Meta-Analysis of Research Methods, Tools, and Findings

Abstract

Future educators face increasing demands to continually enhance their digital competence to meet the challenges of the “Knowledge Society.” Digital literacy is essential for effective language teaching  highlighting the need for pre-service EFL teachers to develop their digital skills.  The rapid integration of digital technologies in education underscores the critical importance of assessing and strengthening digital skills within this group to ensure they are well-prepared for modern classrooms. This meta-analysis examines peer-reviewed studies on digital literacy among pre-service EFL teachers, employing systematic content analysis with a specially developed 15-category coding schema. We identified and analyzed methodological designs, research methods, data collection tools, and conceptual frameworks, as well as insights into students' digital competencies. Our findings reveal a considerable gap in studies that directly assess digital literacy levels among pre-service EFL teachers. While existing research generally indicates adequate digital skills among this group, there is notable variation in competency levels across studies. A methodological limitation noted is the scarcity of mixed-methods studies, which restricts a comprehensive understanding of digital literacy development. Additionally, some studies have limited generalizability due to small sample sizes and a focus on single institutions. These findings underscore the need for broader, mixed-methods research, ideally incorporating longitudinal designs, to yield actionable insights for curriculum development. The results highlight the importance of ongoing support and training for pre-service EFL teachers to foster effective and innovative digital teaching practices within the educational system.

Keywords: pre-service EFL teachers, education, digital literacy, meta-analysis, research methods